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Michaelneift

16 Jun 2025 - 05:38 am

There’s a ‘ghost hurricane’ in the forecast. It could help predict a real one
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A scary-looking weather forecast showing a hurricane hitting the Gulf Coast in the second half of June swirled around social media this week—but don’t panic.

It’s the season’s first “ghost hurricane.”

Similar hype plays out every hurricane season, especially at the beginning: A cherry-picked, worst-case-scenario model run goes viral, but more often than not, will never come to fruition.

Unofficially dubbed “ghost storms” or “ghost hurricanes,” these tropical systems regularly appear in weather models — computer simulations that help meteorologists forecast future conditions — but never seem to manifest in real life.

The model responsible this week was the Global Forecast System, also known as the GFS or American model, run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It’s one of many used by forecasters around the world.

All models have known biases or “quirks” where they tend to overpredict or underpredict certain things. The GFS is known to overpredict tropical storms and hurricanes in longer-term forecasts that look more than a week into the future, which leads to these false alarms. The GFS isn’t alone in this — all models struggle to accurately predict tropical activity that far in advance — but it is notorious for doing so.

For example, the GFS could spit out a prediction for a US hurricane landfall about 10 days from now, only to have that chance completely disappear as the forecast date draws closer. This can occur at any time of the year, but is most frequent during hurricane season — June through November.

It’s exactly what’s been happening over the past week as forecasters keep an eye out for the first storm of the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season.
Why so many ghosts?
No weather forecast model is designed in the exact same way as another, and that’s why each can generate different results with similar data.

The reason the GFS has more false alarms when looking more than a week out than similar models – like Europe’s ECMWF, Canada’s CMC or the United Kingdom’s UKM – is because that’s exactly what it’s programmed to do, according to Alicia Bentley, the global verification project lead of NOAA’s Environmental Modeling Center.

The GFS was built with a “weak parameterized cumulus convection scheme,” according to Bentley. In plain language, that means when the GFS thinks there could be thunderstorms developing in an area where tropical systems are possible – over the oceans – it’s more likely to jump to the conclusion that something tropical will develop than to ignore it.

Other models aren’t built to be quite as sensitive to this phenomenon, and so they don’t show a tropical system until they’re more confident the right conditions are in place, which usually happens when the forecast gets closer in time.

The western Caribbean Sea is one of the GFS’ favorite places to predict a ghost storm. That’s because of the Central American gyre: a large, disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms that rotates over the region and its surrounding water.

Andrewunors

16 Jun 2025 - 04:14 am

Deep below the surface of the ground in one of the driest parts of the country, there is a looming problem: The water is running out — but not the kind that fills lakes, streams and reservoirs.
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The amount of groundwater that has been pumped out of the Colorado River Basin since 2003 is enough to fill Lake Mead, researchers report in a study published earlier this week. Most of that water was used to irrigate fields of alfalfa and vegetables grown in the desert Southwest.

No one knows exactly how much is left, but the study, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, shows an alarming rate of withdrawal of a vital water source for a region that could also see its supply of Colorado River water shrink.

“We’re using it faster and faster,” said Jay Famiglietti, an Arizona State University professor and the study’s senior author.

In the past two decades, groundwater basins – or large, underground aquifers – lost more than twice the amount of water that was taken out of major surface reservoirs, Famiglietti’s team found, like Mead and Lake Powell, which themselves have seen water levels crash.

The Arizona State University research team measured more than two decades of NASA satellite observations and used land modeling to trace how groundwater tables in the Colorado River basin were dwindling. The team focused mostly on Arizona, a state that is particularly vulnerable to future cutbacks on the Colorado River.
Groundwater makes up about 35% of the total water supply for Arizona, said Sarah Porter, director of the Kyl Center for Water Policy at Arizona State University, who was not directly involved in the study.

The study found groundwater tables in the Lower Colorado River basin, and Arizona in particular, have declined significantly in the last decade. The problem is especially pronounced in Arizona’s rural areas, many of which don’t have groundwater regulations, and little backup supply from rivers. With wells in rural Arizona increasingly running dry, farmers and homeowners now drill thousands of feet into the ground to access water.

Scientists don’t know exactly how much groundwater is left in Arizona, Famiglietti added, but the signs are troubling.

“We have seen dry stream beds for decades,” he said. “That’s an indication that the connection between groundwater and rivers has been lost.”

Philliptog

16 Jun 2025 - 02:59 am

Aerodrome Finance: Innovations and Opportunities
In today's evolving landscape, the development of aerodrome infrastructure and related financial tools is becoming increasingly significant. This article explores key aspects of aerodrome finance, along with emerging trends in decentralized finance (DeFi), such as aerodrome swap, aerodrome exchange, and aerodrome DEX.
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What is Aerodrome Finance?
Aerodrome finance refers to the integration of traditional aerodrome operations with modern financial technologies, enabling optimized management of assets, investments, and operations at aerodrome bases. This concept involves creating specialized aerodrome bases that serve as platforms for financial transactions and investment activities.

Aerodrome Base
An aerodrome base is a foundational platform that combines aerodrome infrastructure with financial instruments. It provides transparency, security, and efficiency in asset management and acts as a core for implementing innovative financial solutions.

Aerodrome Swap
An aerodrome swap is a financial instrument allowing participants to exchange assets or liabilities related to aerodrome infrastructure. Such swaps help manage risks associated with fluctuations in asset values or currency exchange rates.

Aerodrome Exchange
An aerodrome exchange is a marketplace for trading assets linked to aerodromes, including tokens representing infrastructure or other financial instruments. It ensures liquidity and market access for investors and operators.

Aerodrome DeFi Solutions
Aerodrome DeFi involves applying decentralized finance protocols within the aerodrome sector. This includes establishing aerodrome finance bases where users can obtain loans, participate in liquidity pools, and earn yields by providing liquidity.

Aerodrome DEX
An aerodrome DEX is a decentralized exchange that facilitates token swaps without intermediaries. This aerodrome DEX promotes local market development and enhances access to financial services for industry participants.

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16 Jun 2025 - 02:39 am

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Peterovarm

16 Jun 2025 - 01:29 am

Deep below the surface of the ground in one of the driest parts of the country, there is a looming problem: The water is running out — but not the kind that fills lakes, streams and reservoirs.
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The amount of groundwater that has been pumped out of the Colorado River Basin since 2003 is enough to fill Lake Mead, researchers report in a study published earlier this week. Most of that water was used to irrigate fields of alfalfa and vegetables grown in the desert Southwest.

No one knows exactly how much is left, but the study, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, shows an alarming rate of withdrawal of a vital water source for a region that could also see its supply of Colorado River water shrink.

“We’re using it faster and faster,” said Jay Famiglietti, an Arizona State University professor and the study’s senior author.

In the past two decades, groundwater basins – or large, underground aquifers – lost more than twice the amount of water that was taken out of major surface reservoirs, Famiglietti’s team found, like Mead and Lake Powell, which themselves have seen water levels crash.

The Arizona State University research team measured more than two decades of NASA satellite observations and used land modeling to trace how groundwater tables in the Colorado River basin were dwindling. The team focused mostly on Arizona, a state that is particularly vulnerable to future cutbacks on the Colorado River.
Groundwater makes up about 35% of the total water supply for Arizona, said Sarah Porter, director of the Kyl Center for Water Policy at Arizona State University, who was not directly involved in the study.

The study found groundwater tables in the Lower Colorado River basin, and Arizona in particular, have declined significantly in the last decade. The problem is especially pronounced in Arizona’s rural areas, many of which don’t have groundwater regulations, and little backup supply from rivers. With wells in rural Arizona increasingly running dry, farmers and homeowners now drill thousands of feet into the ground to access water.

Scientists don’t know exactly how much groundwater is left in Arizona, Famiglietti added, but the signs are troubling.

“We have seen dry stream beds for decades,” he said. “That’s an indication that the connection between groundwater and rivers has been lost.”

Michaelneift

16 Jun 2025 - 01:19 am

There’s a ‘ghost hurricane’ in the forecast. It could help predict a real one
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A scary-looking weather forecast showing a hurricane hitting the Gulf Coast in the second half of June swirled around social media this week—but don’t panic.

It’s the season’s first “ghost hurricane.”

Similar hype plays out every hurricane season, especially at the beginning: A cherry-picked, worst-case-scenario model run goes viral, but more often than not, will never come to fruition.

Unofficially dubbed “ghost storms” or “ghost hurricanes,” these tropical systems regularly appear in weather models — computer simulations that help meteorologists forecast future conditions — but never seem to manifest in real life.

The model responsible this week was the Global Forecast System, also known as the GFS or American model, run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. It’s one of many used by forecasters around the world.

All models have known biases or “quirks” where they tend to overpredict or underpredict certain things. The GFS is known to overpredict tropical storms and hurricanes in longer-term forecasts that look more than a week into the future, which leads to these false alarms. The GFS isn’t alone in this — all models struggle to accurately predict tropical activity that far in advance — but it is notorious for doing so.

For example, the GFS could spit out a prediction for a US hurricane landfall about 10 days from now, only to have that chance completely disappear as the forecast date draws closer. This can occur at any time of the year, but is most frequent during hurricane season — June through November.

It’s exactly what’s been happening over the past week as forecasters keep an eye out for the first storm of the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season.
Why so many ghosts?
No weather forecast model is designed in the exact same way as another, and that’s why each can generate different results with similar data.

The reason the GFS has more false alarms when looking more than a week out than similar models – like Europe’s ECMWF, Canada’s CMC or the United Kingdom’s UKM – is because that’s exactly what it’s programmed to do, according to Alicia Bentley, the global verification project lead of NOAA’s Environmental Modeling Center.

The GFS was built with a “weak parameterized cumulus convection scheme,” according to Bentley. In plain language, that means when the GFS thinks there could be thunderstorms developing in an area where tropical systems are possible – over the oceans – it’s more likely to jump to the conclusion that something tropical will develop than to ignore it.

Other models aren’t built to be quite as sensitive to this phenomenon, and so they don’t show a tropical system until they’re more confident the right conditions are in place, which usually happens when the forecast gets closer in time.

The western Caribbean Sea is one of the GFS’ favorite places to predict a ghost storm. That’s because of the Central American gyre: a large, disorganized area of showers and thunderstorms that rotates over the region and its surrounding water.

Leonardlefly

16 Jun 2025 - 12:58 am

Curve Finance: Leading DeFi Liquidity and Stablecoin Protocol
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Curve Finance is a decentralized exchange (DEX) optimized for stablecoin and low-volatility asset trading. Known for its efficient liquidity pools and low slippage, Curve has become a cornerstone in the DeFi ecosystem for stable asset swaps and liquidity provision.

Curve Fi
Curve Fi refers to the platform's core protocol that enables users to swap stablecoins and other similar assets with minimal slippage and low fees. It leverages specialized liquidity pools to facilitate efficient trading.

Curve Finance Crypto
Curve finance crypto encompasses the native tokens (such as CRV), liquidity provider tokens, and other assets within the Curve ecosystem. These tokens are used for governance, staking, and earning rewards.

Curve DeFi
Curve DeFi describes the broader decentralized finance ecosystem built around Curve’s liquidity pools and protocols. It includes yield farming, liquidity mining, and integrations with other DeFi platforms like Yearn, Convex, and more.

Curve Finance Liquidity Pool
A Curve liquidity pool is a smart contract that holds assets like stablecoins or similar tokens, allowing users to deposit and earn fees or rewards. These pools are optimized for low slippage and high efficiency, supporting large trading volumes.

Curve Finance Borrow
While primarily known for liquidity provision and swaps, Curve also supports borrowing mechanisms indirectly through integrations with lending protocols like Aave or Compound, where users can collateralize assets and borrow against their liquidity pool tokens.

Curve Finance TVL
Total Value Locked (TVL) in Curve represents the total assets deposited across all its pools. It is a key metric indicating the platform’s liquidity, popularity, and overall health within the DeFi ecosystem.

Michaelamabs

16 Jun 2025 - 12:11 am

Deep below the surface of the ground in one of the driest parts of the country, there is a looming problem: The water is running out — but not the kind that fills lakes, streams and reservoirs.
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The amount of groundwater that has been pumped out of the Colorado River Basin since 2003 is enough to fill Lake Mead, researchers report in a study published earlier this week. Most of that water was used to irrigate fields of alfalfa and vegetables grown in the desert Southwest.

No one knows exactly how much is left, but the study, published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, shows an alarming rate of withdrawal of a vital water source for a region that could also see its supply of Colorado River water shrink.

“We’re using it faster and faster,” said Jay Famiglietti, an Arizona State University professor and the study’s senior author.

In the past two decades, groundwater basins – or large, underground aquifers – lost more than twice the amount of water that was taken out of major surface reservoirs, Famiglietti’s team found, like Mead and Lake Powell, which themselves have seen water levels crash.

The Arizona State University research team measured more than two decades of NASA satellite observations and used land modeling to trace how groundwater tables in the Colorado River basin were dwindling. The team focused mostly on Arizona, a state that is particularly vulnerable to future cutbacks on the Colorado River.
Groundwater makes up about 35% of the total water supply for Arizona, said Sarah Porter, director of the Kyl Center for Water Policy at Arizona State University, who was not directly involved in the study.

The study found groundwater tables in the Lower Colorado River basin, and Arizona in particular, have declined significantly in the last decade. The problem is especially pronounced in Arizona’s rural areas, many of which don’t have groundwater regulations, and little backup supply from rivers. With wells in rural Arizona increasingly running dry, farmers and homeowners now drill thousands of feet into the ground to access water.

Scientists don’t know exactly how much groundwater is left in Arizona, Famiglietti added, but the signs are troubling.

“We have seen dry stream beds for decades,” he said. “That’s an indication that the connection between groundwater and rivers has been lost.”

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15 Jun 2025 - 08:01 pm

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